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Saturday 20 January 2024

Tagged under:

Ayodhya Ram Mandir (temple)

 Ram temple ayodhya U.P (in India)  

Ram temple udghatan date 22 january 2024

राम मंदिर उदघाटन दिनांक 22 जनवरी 2024




The Lord Ram Temple at Ayodhya: Its History, Architecture, importance and How to Get There.

अयोध्या में भगवान राम मंदिर: इसका इतिहास, वास्तुकला, महत्व और वहां कैसे पहुंचें.

Situated in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India, the Ayodhya Ram Mandir, also called the Lord Shri Ram shrine, is a Hindu shrine. In India, the temple has long been at the heart of a religious and political conflict. Hindus around the world are eager for the new Hindu temple at Ram Janm Bhumi to open, and construction is now underway. We are well informed on the Ayodhya Ram Mandir's 2024 opening. It is scheduled to open on January 24, 2024, with an official opening by Shri Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India. The temple is located in Ayodhya, which is revered since it is the birthplace of Lord Shri Ram. It is anticipated that the temple will be finished on February 24, 2024.

भारत के उत्तर प्रदेश के अयोध्या में स्थित, अयोध्या राम मंदिर, जिसे भगवान श्री राम तीर्थस्थल भी कहा जाता है, एक हिंदू मंदिर है। भारत में, मंदिर लंबे समय से धार्मिक और राजनीतिक संघर्ष का केंद्र रहा है। दुनिया भर के हिंदू राम जन्म भूमि पर नए हिंदू मंदिर के उद्घाटन के लिए उत्सुक हैं, और अब निर्माण कार्य चल रहा है। हमें 2024 में अयोध्या राम मंदिर के उद्घाटन के बारे में अच्छी जानकारी है। यह 24 जनवरी, 2024 को भारत के प्रधान मंत्री श्री नरेंद्र मोदी द्वारा आधिकारिक उद्घाटन के साथ खुलने वाला है। यह मंदिर अयोध्या में स्थित है, जो भगवान श्री राम की जन्मभूमि होने के कारण पूजनीय है। अनुमान है कि मंदिर 24 फरवरी 2024 को बनकर तैयार हो जाएगा।





Ayodhya Ram Mandir past 

अयोध्या राम मंदिर का अतीत

The Ayodhya Ram Mandir has a long and rich history. One of the most venerated Hindu deities, Lord Ram, is said to have given birth on the location where the temple is located. In the sixteenth century, the Mughal emperor Babur destroyed the temple and erected a mosque in its stead. The mosque, also referred to as the Babri Masjid, had been constructed on the site for centuries before Hindu extremists destroyed it in 1992, sparking severe bloodshed and intercommunal strife throughout the nation.

अयोध्या राम मंदिर का एक लंबा और समृद्ध इतिहास है। कहा जाता है कि सबसे प्रतिष्ठित हिंदू देवताओं में से एक, भगवान राम ने उसी स्थान पर जन्म लिया था जहां मंदिर स्थित है। सोलहवीं शताब्दी में, मुगल सम्राट बाबर ने मंदिर को नष्ट कर दिया और उसके स्थान पर एक मस्जिद बनवाई। मस्जिद, जिसे बाबरी मस्जिद भी कहा जाता है, सदियों से इस स्थल पर बनाई गई थी, 1992 में हिंदू चरमपंथियों ने इसे नष्ट कर दिया था, जिससे पूरे देश में गंभीर रक्तपात और अंतर-सांप्रदायिक संघर्ष छिड़ गया था।


For many years, the Ayodhya conflict has dominated Indian politics. The point of contention was who owned the land where the Babri Masjid was located and if Lord Ram was born there. The

कई वर्षों से अयोध्या विवाद भारतीय राजनीति पर हावी रहा है। विवाद का मुद्दा यह था कि जहां बाबरी मस्जिद स्थित थी उस जमीन का मालिक कौन था और क्या भगवान राम का जन्म वहीं हुआ था।


Architecture and Features of the Ayodhya Ram Mandir

अयोध्या राम मंदिर की वास्तुकला और विशेषताएं

The Ayodhya Ram Mandir is a magnificent temple with towering spires, or shikharas, that is constructed in the Nagara style of temple building. The temple occupies 2.77 acres and was constructed using pink sandstone. There are other smaller shrines devoted to different Hindu deities within the temple, which is encircled by a sizable courtyard. The enormous Shaligram stone, a black stone imported from the Gandaki river in Nepal and thought to represent Lord Ram, is the temple's most remarkable feature.

अयोध्या राम मंदिर ऊंचे शिखरों वाला एक भव्य मंदिर है, जिसका निर्माण मंदिर निर्माण की नागर शैली में किया गया है। मंदिर 2.77 एकड़ में फैला है और इसका निर्माण गुलाबी बलुआ पत्थर का उपयोग करके किया गया था। मंदिर के भीतर विभिन्न हिंदू देवताओं को समर्पित अन्य छोटे मंदिर हैं, जो एक बड़े प्रांगण से घिरा हुआ है। विशाल शालिग्राम पत्थर, नेपाल में गंडकी नदी से आयातित एक काला पत्थर और भगवान राम का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाला माना जाता है, मंदिर की सबसे उल्लेखनीय विशेषता है।

The temple has three storeys, each with a distinct function, and is 161 feet high. Lord Ram is worshipped on the first floor, Lord Hanuman is worshipped on the second floor, and Ayodhya's history and culture are displayed at the museum on the third floor.

मंदिर में तीन मंजिलें हैं, प्रत्येक का अपना विशिष्ट कार्य है और यह 161 फीट ऊंचा है। पहली मंजिल पर भगवान राम की पूजा की जाती है, दूसरी मंजिल पर भगवान हनुमान की पूजा की जाती है, और तीसरी मंजिल पर संग्रहालय में अयोध्या के इतिहास और संस्कृति को प्रदर्शित किया 


A community kitchen, a medical center, and a yajnashala, or hall for performing yajnas, or Hindu fire rituals, are all part of the temple complex. The 67-acre temple complex is anticipated to grow into a significant global hub for religion and culture, drawing millions of followers.

मंदिर में तीन मंजिलें हैं, प्रत्येक का अपना विशिष्ट कार्य है और यह 161 फीट ऊंचा है। पहली मंजिल पर भगवान राम की पूजा की जाती है, दूसरी मंजिल पर भगवान हनुमान की पूजा की जाती है, और तीसरी मंजिल पर संग्रहालय में अयोध्या के इतिहास और संस्कृति को प्रदर्शित किया गया है।


The Ayodhya Ram Mandir's significance to Hindus
अयोध्या राम मंदिर का हिंदुओं के लिए महत्व


For Hindus, one of the most significant places to go on pilgrimage is the Ayodhya Ram Mandir. It is revered as a sacred spot and is thought to be the birthplace of Lord Ram. After decades of struggle for the temple's construction, the Hindu community views the temple's erection as a symbolic success.

हिंदुओं के लिए, तीर्थयात्रा पर जाने के लिए सबसे महत्वपूर्ण स्थानों में से एक अयोध्या राम मंदिर है। यह एक पवित्र स्थान के रूप में प्रतिष्ठित है और भगवान राम का जन्मस्थान माना जाता है। मंदिर के निर्माण के लिए दशकों के संघर्ष के बाद, हिंदू समुदाय मंदिर के निर्माण को एक प्रतीकात्मक सफलता के रूप में देखता है।


It is anticipated that the temple would aid in Ayodhya's growth as a significant religious and cultural hub. Additionally, it is anticipated to boost the region's economy and produce jobs. Millions of devotees from all around India and the world are predicted to visit the temple, helping Ayodhya grow into a significant religious and cultural hub.

यह अनुमान लगाया गया है कि मंदिर एक महत्वपूर्ण धार्मिक और सांस्कृतिक केंद्र के रूप में अयोध्या के विकास में सहायता करेगा। इसके अतिरिक्त, इससे क्षेत्र की अर्थव्यवस्था को बढ़ावा मिलने और रोजगार पैदा होने का अनुमान है। अनुमान है कि भारत और दुनिया भर से लाखों श्रद्धालु मंदिर में आएंगे, जिससे अयोध्या को एक महत्वपूर्ण धार्मिक और सांस्कृतिक केंद्र के रूप में विकसित होने में मदद मिलेगी।






The temple is being built in traditional Nagara style. 

The length of the temple (from east to west) will be 380 feet, width will be 

250 feet and height will be 161 feet.


 
 Full Informationand histoy Ram Temple click this link giveing tha info.History)


 Rem Temple location


Wednesday 6 September 2023

Tagged under:

iPhone 15 Ultra

 

iPhone 15  : Apple is said to lunch 5 iPhone this year, price of new model topped 


The iPhone 15 series will officially launch on September 12, which is next week. At This upcoming event, Apple is expected to unveil not only the next-generation iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus but also a pro model, along with two more Ultra-high-end Flagship devices. These could be iPhone 15 Pro Max and Ultra.



iPhone 15 सीरीज आधिकारिक तौर पर 12 सितंबर यानी अगले हफ्ते लॉन्च होगी। प्राइस आगामी इवेंट में, Apple द्वारा न केवल अगली पीढ़ी के iPhone का अनावरण करने की उम्मीद है 15 और iPhone 15 Plus लेकिन दो और अल्ट्रा-हाई-एंड के साथ एक प्रो मॉडल भी है फ्लैगशिप डिवाइस. ये iPhone 15 Pro Max और Ultra हो सकते हैं। 



The iPhone 15 series will officially launch on September 12,which is next week. At this upcoming event, Apple is expected to unveil not only the next-generation iPhone 15 and iPhone 15 Plus b;ut also a pro model, along with an additional ultra-high-end flagship device. 

However, tipster Majin Bu is now claiming on Twitter that Apple will launch at least 5 iPhone this year. THe rumour mill so far suggested that either an iPhone 15 pro or an Ultra model could launch this year models, even though they are expected to share the same specification.




iPhone 15 सीरीज आधिकारिक तौर पर 12 सितंबर यानी अगले हफ्ते लॉन्च होगी। इस आगामी इवेंट में, Apple द्वारा न केवल अगली पीढ़ी के iPhone 15 और iPhone 15 Plus का अनावरण करने की उम्मीद है, बल्कि एक अतिरिक्त अल्ट्रा-हाई-एंड फ्लैगशिप डिवाइस के साथ एक प्रो मॉडल भी पेश किया जाएगा।

हालाँकि, टिपस्टर माजिन बू अब ट्विटर पर दावा कर रहे हैं कि Apple इस साल कम से कम 5 iPhone लॉन्च करेगा। अफवाह फैलाने वालों ने अब तक सुझाव दिया है कि या तो iPhone 15 प्रो या अल्ट्रा मॉडल इस साल लॉन्च हो सकता है, भले ही उनके समान विनिर्देश साझा करने की उम्मीद है।



The iPhone 15 Pro Max is tipped to come with 6GB of RAM and up to 1TB storage option. The iPhone 15 Ultra is poised to take things a step further. The tipster explains that this version could come with 8GB of RAM and a whopping 2TB storage option.


Additionally, the iPhone 15 Ultra model is also said to come with improved camera features than the regular Pro model.

While both models are said to share the rest of the features, the iPhone 15 Ultra could come with a slightly higher price tag, potentially costing an additional $100 (approximately Rs 8,000) over the iPhone 15 Pro Max.Speaking of which, the leaks have claimed that the iPhone 15 Pro Max could be priced at $1,299, up from last year's model price of $1,099. In India, Apple could announce the new Pro Max model at Rs 1,59,900 because the company pegs each dollar at Rs 100, according to the rumours. If we go by the latest leak, the price of the iPhone 15 Ultra will be over Rs 8,000 more than the Pro Max.

This means that Apple might launch the new Ultra model at Rs 1,67,900.

iPhone 15 Pro Max के 6GB रैम और 1TB तक स्टोरेज विकल्प के साथ आने की खबर है। iPhone 15 Ultra चीजों को एक कदम आगे ले जाने के लिए तैयार है। टिपस्टर बताते हैं कि यह संस्करण 8GB रैम और 2TB स्टोरेज विकल्प के साथ आ सकता है। इसके अतिरिक्त, iPhone 15 अल्ट्रा मॉडल को नियमित प्रो मॉडल की तुलना में बेहतर कैमरा सुविधाओं के साथ आने के लिए भी कहा गया है।


जबकि कहा जाता है कि दोनों मॉडल बाकी सुविधाओं को साझा करते हैं, iPhone 15 Ultra थोड़ी अधिक कीमत के साथ आ सकता है, संभावित रूप से iPhone 15 Pro Max की तुलना में इसकी कीमत अतिरिक्त $100 (लगभग 8,000 रुपये) होगी।जिसके बारे में बात करते हुए, लीक में दावा किया गया है कि iPhone 15 Pro Max की कीमत $1,299 हो सकती है, जो पिछले साल के मॉडल की कीमत $1,099 से अधिक है।

भारत में, ऐप्पल नए प्रो मैक्स मॉडल को 1,59,900 रुपये में घोषित कर सकता है क्योंकि अफवाहों के अनुसार कंपनी प्रत्येक डॉलर की कीमत 100 रुपये तय करती है। ताजा लीक की मानें तो iPhone 15 Ultra की कीमत Pro Max से 8,000 रुपये ज्यादा होगी। इसका मतलब है कि Apple नए अल्ट्रा मॉडल को 1,67,900 रुपये में लॉन्च कर सकता है।




In Short

  • The iPhone 15 series will officially launch on September 12, which is next week.

  • Apple is tipped to announce 5 iPhones this year.

  • Both iPhone 15 Ultra and iPhone 15 Pro Max are said to debut.



संक्षेप में

  • iPhone 15 सीरीज आधिकारिक तौर पर 12 सितंबर यानी अगले हफ्ते लॉन्च होगी।

  • माना जा रहा है कि Apple इस साल 5 iPhones की घोषणा कर सकता है।

  • कहा जाता है कि iPhone 15 Ultra और iPhone 15 Pro Max दोनों पहली बार लॉन्च होंगे।






Summary Apple IPhone 15 Pro Max

Camera48 MP + 12 MP + 12 MP
Display6.7 inches (17.00 cm)
PerformanceApple A17 Bionic
Ram6 GB
Storage256 GB
Battery4852 mAh
Launch DateSeptember 2023 (Official)

Critic Rating4.5



Synopsis: Apple iPhone 15 Pro Max: 6.7-inch (17.00 cm) display with 48 MP + 12 MP + 12 MP camera

Achievement
Apple A17 Bionic Ram with 6 GB of storage and a 256 GB battery with 4852 mAh

Official Launch Date: September 2023
4.5 out of 10 critics

आईफोन 15 प्रो मैक्सः 6.7-इंच (17.00 सेमी) डिस्प्ले, 48 एमपी + 12 एमपी + 12 एमपी कैमरा
उपलब्धि
ऐप्पल ए 17 बायोनिक रैम 6 जीबी स्टोरेज और 256 जीबी बैटरी के साथ 4852 एमएएच
आधिकारिक लॉन्च की तारीखः सितंबर 2023
10 आलोचकों में से 4.5

Tuesday 5 September 2023

Tagged under:

Teachers day

 Why Teachers Day is Celebrated








When Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan assumed office as the second President of India in 1962, his students approached him to seek permission to celebrate September 5 as a special day. He instead, requested them to observe September 5 as Teachers' Day to acknowledge the invaluable contribution of teachers to society.


1962 में जब डॉ. सर्वपल्ली राधाकृष्णन ने भारत के दूसरे राष्ट्रपति के रूप में पदभार संभाला, तो उनके छात्र 5 सितंबर को एक विशेष दिन के रूप में मनाने की अनुमति मांगने के लिए उनके पास पहुंचे। इसके बजाय, उन्होंने समाज में शिक्षकों के अमूल्य योगदान को स्वीकार करने के लिए 5 सितंबर को शिक्षक दिवस के रूप में मनाने का अनुरोध किया।



Biography 

Dr. radha kirshan was born as sarvepalli Radhakrishnayya into a Telugu-speakeing family of

Sarvepalli veeraswami and Sithamma. He was the second born of three siblings. In Tiruttani of 

North Arcot district in the erstwhile Madras presidency His family hails form sarvepalli village in nellore district of Andhra pradesh. His early year were spent in Thiruttani and Tirupanti. His father was a subordinate revenue official in the service of a local Zamindar. His primary 

Education was at K.V High school at Thiruttani. In 1896 he moved to the Hermansburg Evangelical Lutheran mission school in Tirupati and government High second, walajapet.


Education

Rashakrishan was awarded scholarships throughout his academic life. He joined voorhees 

College in vellore for his high school education. After his F.A (first of Art) class, he joined the 

Madras christian college (affilited to the University of Madras ) at the age of 16. He graduated

From there in 1907, and also finished his masters form the same college.

Sarvepalli wrote his bachelor’s degree thesis on “The Ethics of the Vedanta and its Metaphysical

Presuppositions” It” was intended to be a reply to the charge that the Vedanta system had no room for ethics.” Two of his professors, Rev. William Meston and Dr. Alfred George Hogg,commended.



Political career

When India became independent in 1947, Radhakrishan represented india at UNESCO

(1946-52) and was later Ambassador of india to the soviet Union, from 1949 to 1952. He 

Was aslo elected to the constituent Assembly of india. Radhakrishan was elected as the first 

Vice-president of india in 1952, and elected as the second President of India (1962-1967).

Radhakrishana did not have a background in the congress party, nor was he active in the Indian 

 Independence movement. He was the politician in shadow.

Marriage and family

Radhakrishnan was married to Sivakamu (1893–1956) in May 1903, a distant cousin, at the age of 16, when she was aged 10. As per tradition the marriage was arranged by the family. The couple had five daughters named Padmavati, Rukmini, Sushila, Sundari and Shakuntala. They also had a son named sarvepalli Gopal who went on to a notable career as a historian. Many of Radhakrishnan's family members including his grandchildren and great-grandchildren have pursued a wide range of careers in academia, public policy, medicine, law, banking, business, publishing and other fields across the world. Former Indian cricketer V.V.S laxman is his great-grandnephew. Sivakamu died on 26 November 1956. They were married for about 53 years.


Friday 25 August 2023

Tagged under:

ALL INFORMATION OF CHANDRAYAAN

 

Chandrayaan-1


C
handrayaan-1, India's first mission to Moon, was launched successfully on October 22, 2008 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The spacecraft was orbiting around the Moon at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface for chemical, mineralogical and photo-geologic mapping of the Moon. The spacecraft carried 11 scientific instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria.

After the successful completion of all the major mission objectives, the orbit has been raised to 200 km during May 2009. The satellite made more than 3400 orbits around the moon and the mission was concluded when the communication with the spacecraft was lost on August 29, 2009.


प्रमोचन भार / Launch Mass: 1380 kg

मिशन कालावधि / Mission Life : 2 years

शक्ति / Power: 700 W

प्रमोचक राकेट / Launch Vehicle: PSLV-C11

उपग्रह का प्रकार / Type of Satellite: Science & Exploration

निर्माता / Manufacturer: ISRO

स्‍वामी / Owner: ISRO

अनुप्रयोग / Application: Planetary Observation

कक्षा का प्रकार / Orbit Type: Lunar.

 

mission      Remote Sensing, planetary Since

Weight           1380 kg (Mass at lift off )

Onboard        700 Watts

power  

Stabilization   3- axis Stabilization using reaction wheel and attitude control thrusters,    sun senso fiber gyros and accelerometers for attitude determination.


Payloads          Scientific Payloads from India

(a)    Terrain Mapping camera (TMC)

(b)   Hyper spectral imager (HySl)

(c)    Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI)

(d)   High Energy X-ray spectrometer (HEX)

(e)   Moon impact Probe (MIP)

 

                 Scientific Payloads from abroad

(f) Chandrayaan-1 X-ray spectrometer(CIXS)

(g) Near infrared spectrometer (SIR – 2)

(h)   Sub keV Atom Reflection Analyzer (SARA)

(i)  Miniature synthetic Aperature Radar (Mini SAR)

(j) Mon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)

(k) Radiation Dose Monitor (RADOM)     

                  Launch Date   22 October 2008

                   Launch site SDSC, SHAR, Sriharikota

                    Launch     vehicle PSLV – C11

                   Orbit       100km X 100 km:  Lunar Orbit

                    Mission   2 years

CHANDRAYAAN - 2

Chandrayaan-2 mission is a highly complex mission, which represents a significant technological leap compared to the previous missions of ISRO. It comprised an Orbiter, Lander and Rover to explore the unexplored South Pole of the Moon.

After the injection of Chandrayaan-2, a series of maneuvers were carried out to raise its orbit and on August 14, 2019, following Trans Lunar Insertion (TLI) maneuver, the spacecraft escaped from orbiting the earth and followed a path that took it to the vicinity of the Moon. On August 20, 2019, Chandrayaan-2 was successfully inserted into lunar orbit. 

The Orbiter placed in its intended orbit around the Moon will enrich our understanding of the moon’s evolution and mapping of the minerals and water molecules in Polar regions, using its eight state-of-the-art scientific instruments. The Orbiter camera is the highest resolution camera (0.3 m) in any lunar mission so far and will provide high resolution images which will be immensely useful to the global scientific community.

Orbiter

weight

 2,379 kg

Electric Power Generation Capability

 1,000 W

Lander — Vikram

weight

 1,471 kg

Electric Power Generation Capability

 

650 W

Rover — Pragyan

weight

 27 kg

Electric Power Generation Capability

 50 W

 

 

                            Key payloads


Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer

Elemental composition of the moon

Imaging IR spectrometer

Mineralogy mapping and water –ice confirmation

Synthetic Aperture Radar L & S Band

Polar-region mapping and sub-surface water-ice confirmation

Orbiter High Resolution camera

High-resolution topography mapping

Chandra’s Surface Thermo-physical Experiment

Thermal conductivity and temperature gradient

Alpha particle X-ray Spectrometer and Laser Induced Breakdown spectroscope

In-situ elemental analysis and abundance in the vicinity of landing site



  CHANDRAYAAN -3


Chandrayaan-3 is a follow-on mission to Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate end-to-end capability in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. It consists of Lander and Rover configuration. It will be launched by LVM3 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The propulsion module will carry the lander and rover configuration till 100 km lunar orbit. The propulsion module has Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) payload to study the spectral and Polari metric measurements of Earth from the lunar orbit.

Lander payloads: Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure the thermal conductivity and temperature; Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) for measuring the seismicity around the landing site; Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate the plasma density and its variations. A passive Laser Retroreflector Array from NASA is accommodated for lunar laser ranging studies.

Rover payloads: Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) for deriving the elemental composition in the vicinity of landing site.

SR No.ParameterSpecifications
1.Mission Life (Lander & Rover)One lunar day (~14 Earth days)
2.Landing Site (Prime)4 km x 2.4 km 69.367621 S, 32.348126 E
3.Science PayloadsLander:
  1. Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)
  2. Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)
  3. Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)
  4. Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) Rover:
  5. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)
  6. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) Propulsion Module:
  7. Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)
4.Two Module Configuration
  1. Propulsion Module (Carries Lander from launch injection to Lunar orbit)
  2. Lander Module (Rover is accommodated inside the Lander)
5.Mass
  1. Propulsion Module: 2148 kg
  2. Lander Module: 1752 kg including Rover of 26 kg
  3. Total: 3900 kg
6.Power generation
  1. Propulsion Module: 758 W
  2. Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias
  3. Rover: 50W
7.Communication
  1. Propulsion Module: Communicates with IDSN
  2. Lander Module: Communicates with IDSN and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is also planned for contingency link.
  3. Rover: Communicates only with Lander.
8.Lander Sensors
  1. Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP)
  2. Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA)
  3. Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC)
  4. LHDAC (Lander Hazard Detection & Avoidance Camera)
  5. Laser Altimeter (LASA)
  6. Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)
  7. Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC)
  8. Micro Star sensor
  9. Inclinometer & Touchdown sensors
9.Lander ActuatorsReaction wheels – 4 nos (10 Nms & 0.1 Nm)
10.Lander Propulsion SystemBi-Propellant Propulsion System (MMH + MON3), 4 nos. of 800 N Throttleable engines & 8 nos. of 58 N; Throttleable Engine Control Electronics
11.Lander Mechanisms
  1. Lander leg
  2. Rover Ramp (Primary & Secondary)
  3. Rover
  4. ILSA, Rambha & Chaste Payloads
  5. Umbilical connector Protection Mechanism,
  6. X- Band Antenna
12.Lander Touchdown specifications
  1. Vertical velocity: ≤ 2 m / sec
  2. Horizontal velocity: ≤ 0.5 m / sec
  3. Slope: ≤ 12 deg

The objectives of scientific payloads planned on Chandrayaan-3 Lander Module and Rover are provided below:

Sl. NoLander Payloads
Objectives
1.Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)Langmuir probe (LP)To measure the near surface plasma (ions and electrons) density and its changes with time
2.Chandra’s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)To carry out the measurements of thermal properties of lunar surface near polar region.
3.Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)To measure seismicity around the landing site and delineating the structure of the lunar crust and mantle.
4.LASER Retroreflector Array (LRA)It is a passive experiment to understand the dynamics of Moon system.
Sl. No
Rover Payloads
Objectives
1.LASER Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)Qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis & To derive the chemical Composition and infer mineralogical composition to further our understanding of Lunar-surface.
2.Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)To determine the elemental composition (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca,Ti, Fe) of Lunar soil and rocks around the lunar landing site.